{"id":869,"date":"2023-02-13T22:00:29","date_gmt":"2023-02-13T22:00:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/growersforbiotechnology.org\/?p=869"},"modified":"2023-02-13T22:09:05","modified_gmt":"2023-02-13T22:09:05","slug":"using-cost-benefit-analysis-crop-biotechnology-offers-sizable-yield-and-sustainability-benefits-when-compared-to-non-gm-farming","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/growersforbiotechnology.org\/2023\/02\/13\/using-cost-benefit-analysis-crop-biotechnology-offers-sizable-yield-and-sustainability-benefits-when-compared-to-non-gm-farming\/","title":{"rendered":"Using cost-benefit analysis: Crop biotechnology offers sizable yield and sustainability benefits when compared to non-GM farming"},"content":{"rendered":"
The ability to quantify a choice that is not made is not an easy thing to do, especially when the choices are government decisions that are not made. For many policy decisions, a\u00a0cost-benefit analysis\u00a0is performed to compare and sum the benefits to the costs based on a particular decision. For this analysis, some decisions are easier to make, such as having the choice to invest $1,000 in one of two investment options.<\/p>\n
We can always compare the return of the alternative option to determine if our decision was the one that provided the higher return. However, if a person had two job offers, it isn\u2019t easy to determine what the outcome could have been from the alternative option. When an analysis is done before a decision is made, depending on the scenario to weigh the costs and benefits, a number of assumptions need to be made. Whereas a post-decision analysis will be more precise, but only for the affirmative, as fewer assumptions are needed. This is the same for government policy decisions.<\/p>\n
Over the past 25 years, many governments have faced the decision of whether to approve agricultural biotechnologies and their resulting products, genetically modified (GM) crops. Governments that decided to approve GM crops have\u00a0benefited from higher yields\u00a0and\u00a0reduced greenhouse gas emissions. The evidence of lower agricultural productivity for countries that opted to not adopt GM crops becomes glaringly apparent when comparing agricultural production in the European Union (EU) with that of the USA.<\/p>\n
As we know, the USA has approved GM crops, whereas the EU decision found the costs of adoption to be greater than the benefits.[1]\u00a0Between 1995 and 2019, the agricultural production index for the 27 countries of the EU increased by only 7%, while agricultural production in the USA increased by\u00a038%. Further evidence of the cost of the EU\u2019s failure to adopt GM crops as consistently as in the US, found that EU agricultural GHG emissions are 33 million tonnes higher than if they had adopted GM crops,\u00a0equaling 7.5% of total EU agricultural GHG\u00a0emissions.<\/p>\n
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Two different approaches towards similar goals of sustainability. Credit: Scott Hutchins<\/p>\n
The costs of not adopting leading food producing technologies are considerably important and evident in food insecure countries, perhaps more so than it is in industrial ones. Farmers in many food insecure countries lack access to pesticides that could be applied to reduce the populations of insects that attack their crops, thereby reducing yields. It is for this reason that the adoption of GM crops that are insect resistant is so important for food insecure countries as the leading benefit following the adoption of GM corn in African nations, hasn\u2019t been a reduction in the use of pesticides, but rather a\u00a0doubling of production.<\/p>\n
Over the past 20 years, academics have analyzed the yield effects following the adoption of GM crops, in every market that they have been commercialized into (as part of their research to assess the benefits and the costs of the technology). The collection of results is virtually universal in their conclusions, GM crops increase yields. While the effects of bans on GM crops have had devastating effects on human health and nutrition since the turn of the millennium, countries are increasingly starting to make\u00a0food security decisions based on their own agricultural capabilities\u00a0and are approving GM crops for food production. The adoption of GM crops by food insecure countries includes the benefits:<\/p>\n
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Several African nations have been seriously exploring the benefits of biotechnology in agriculture. Credit: ISAAA<\/p>\n
Moving forward, policies may need to pay more attention to the evidence of scientific benefits rather than the assumed or potential costs, which are rooted in doubts about the science. Future improvements in food security will rely on the use and adoption of innovative technologies, which will need governmental approval. Industrial adopting countries will experience higher yields and reduced chemical use, under the continued approval of GM crops. We have already seen the benefits in food insecure countries, with their higher yields and reduced food insecurity since taking affirmative action on GM and biotech approval. This isn\u2019t taking into consideration that calculating the benefits of less malnourishment and starvation is virtually impossible, it\u2019s a priceless benefit, not a cost.<\/p>\n
[1]\u00a0The USA rooted much of their decision on the benefits of science, environmental concerns, food security, and agricultural profitability. The EU based its decisions on a rigid application of the Precautionary Principle, which advocates that if perfect certainty of no harms occurring cannot be provided, then it is acceptable to reject the innovation. The EU decided the potential for harms to be greater than the expected benefits.<\/p>\n
Source: Genetic Literacy Project<\/em><\/p>\n [Editor\u2019s Note: Robert Paalberg, a distinguished political scientist and faculty member at Wellesley College at Harvard University, collaborated in the production of the underlying research.]<\/em><\/p>\n Stuart Smyth is an associate professor at University of Saskatchewan in the College of Agriculture and Bioresources. Stuart is also the Agri-Food Innovation & Sustainability Enhancement Chair at his school and writes about regulations, gene modification and supply chains. You can follow Stuart on Twitter\u00a0@stuartsmyth66<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" What are the costs of not adopting the best food producing technologies? The ability to quantify a choice that is not made is not an easy thing to do, especially when the choices are government decisions that are not made. For many policy decisions, a\u00a0cost-benefit analysis\u00a0is performed to compare and sum the benefits to the…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":867,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\n